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ISSN : 1226-4946(Print)
ISSN : 2288-5412(Online)
The Yeats Journal of Korea Vol.11 pp.75-107
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.14354/yjk.1999.11.75

Yeats and Larkin

Kwang-Sun Kim

Abstract

This paper aims to examine Yeats‘ influence on Larkin. As Larkin has said thathe spent three years trying to write like Yeats in the Introduction to the 1966 issueof The North Ship(1945), the impact of Yeats was the result of an inspiring visit bythe poet Vernon Watkins to the Oxford University Club in 1943. Larkin was deeplyimpressed by Watkins, and became an ardent admirer of Yeats.
Many of the poems in The North Ship were modelled after the work of Yeats.Yeatsian rhythms and a Yeatsian choice of phrase are encountered through The NorthShip. As well as technical borrowings, he adopts Yeatsian attitudes and begins towrite impassioned lyric rather than a specific devotion of Yeats. The most immediateeffect of Yeats on Larkin’s poetry is the romanticism which appears prominently inthis volume.
After publishing The North Ship, Larkin subsequently rejected Yeats’s influenceand turned for inspiration to the poetry of Thomas Hardy, whom he still regards ashis model. The poems in The Less Deceived and The Whitsun Weddings displayHardy’s influence. The most important difference is that Larkin swept away theromantic and melancholy tone of Yeats’s early Celtic period. On the other hand,Larkin had abandoned the metaphysical euphoria of Yeats at the beginning of hispoetic career. Yeats accepts every part of existence, by looking inwards to form aunity of being by a faith in self, whereas Larkin shows us that the acceptance offact and life does not always provide an answer to our hopes.
In this respect, Larkin’s art is in sharp contrast with Yeats from the beginning.In “Sailing to Byzantium,” Yeats traveled to Byzantium, a holy city of intellect, tosearch for spiritual life, but Larkin went on the darkening sea, the cold North. In Yeats’s poetry, man lives many lives before death, and death creates a new hero asHanraham in “The Tower,” but death in Larkin’s poetry prompts emotion rather thanmetaphysical or theological assertion, and remains one of the great traditionalsubjects for the exercise of serious or comic wit. He eliminates illusion from deathand accepts it as a real thing in life and does not create it as a hero after death.
Through this contrast, both Yeats and Larkin generate archetypes of reality.However, Larkin is not a transcendental writer, he is not a Yeats nor is he a Hardy;his main themes are men, the life of men, the passing of time, and a belief that manis always in thrall to time.
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