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ISSN : 1226-4946(Print)
ISSN : 2288-5412(Online)
The Yeats Journal of Korea Vol.63 pp.3-26
DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.14354/yjk.2020.63.3

The “North” in Yeats’s Cultural Imagination

Hyungseob Lee
Hanyang University

Abstract

The paper explores the nature of Yeats’s relationship with the “North.” Yeats’s radical dissociation of the Ascendency from the Irish middle classes, as well as his earlier justification of cultural nationalism as the rightful substitution for the incompetent and divisive Irish politics after the Parnell fiasco, originated from his compulsion to (re)invent himself. By constantly recalling and referring to the disdainful collusion of the Irish Catholic church with the basely complacent middle classes, Yeats buttressed his claim for the centrality of the Anglo-Irish Ascendancy as the cultural backbone of Irish nationhood. This, however, leaves unanswered the question of Ulster Protestants that constituted the most powerful middle-class assemblage in the Ireland of Yeats’s time. Yeats didn’t leave a sustained account of his view of and relationship with the North, all extant documents of relevance being piecemeal. It is necessary to piece together references to the North found in Yeats’s occasional writings, diary entries, anecdotes and public speeches to create a narrative of the North in his cultural imagination. By focusing on Yeats’s childhood experience of Ulster Unionism in Sligo, his attitude toward the Ulster Literary Theatre, his poems about the Irish Civil War and his Senate speeches, the paper aims to construct a coherent account of Yeats’s fraught relationship with the North.
Yeats, cultural politics, Northern Ireland, the Ulster Literary Theatre, Senate speeches, 예이츠, 문화정치, 북아일랜드, 얼스터문예극장, 상원연설문

초록

이 논문은 예이츠의 문화적 상상력에서 북아일랜드가 어떤 지위를 담보 하는가를 논의한다. 아일랜드와 시인 자신의 매개체로서 문화적 민족주의를 끊임없이 재구성하는 데 천착했던 예이츠의 방대한 저술 속에서 놀랍게도 북아일랜드에 관한 체계적이고 지속적인 논의를 찾기 어렵다. 이 논문은 일기, 일화, 소수의 “전쟁시”와 상원 연설문 등 부분적이고 파편적으로 산재한 자료들을 발굴 및 수집하고 이들을 연계해서 예이츠와 북아일랜드의 관계에 관한 응집된 서사를 구축하는 데 그 목적을 둔다. 논문은 특히 유년시절 슬라이고에서 겫었던 얼스터 통합주의의 경험, 얼스터문예 극장에 관련된 일화, 「1916 부활절」, 「내전기의 명상」 및 「1919년」과 같은 정치시, 그 리고 그의 상원 연설문들을 중점적으로 분석하고 논의한다. 궁극적으로 얼스터/북아일 랜드가 예이츠의 문화적 상상력에서 생략된 원인을 추적하고 또 상징이자 실체로서 얼스터/북아일랜드의 부재가 예이츠의 문화민족주의에 미치는 영향을 가늠해본다.

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